模板:Cite newsgroup/doc

Citation Style 1 templates

{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}	AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}	books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}	CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{cite document}}	short, stand-alone, offline documents
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite medRxiv}}	medRxiv preprints
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	podcasts
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite SSRN}}	SSRN papers
{{Cite tech report}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses
{{Cite web}}	web sources not covered by the above
See also	Specific-source templates Citation Style 1 wrapper templates

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for online newsgroups.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.

Horizontal format

• {{cite newsgroup |title= |author= |date= |newsgroup= |message-id= |url= |access-date=11月 24, 2024}}

Vertical format

{{cite newsgroup
 | title =
 | author =
 | date =
 | newsgroup =
 | message-id =
 | url =
 | access-date = 24 11月 2024
}}

Examples

{{cite newsgroup | author = Tanenbaum, A. S. | title = LINUX is obsolete | date = January 29, 1992 | newsgroup = comp.os.minix | message-id = 12595@star.cs.vu.nl | quote = I am not unhappy with LINUX }}

• Tanenbaum, A. S. (January 29, 1992). "LINUX is obsolete". Newsgroup: comp.os.minix. Usenet: 12595@star.cs.vu.nl. I am not unhappy with LINUX

{{cite newsgroup | author = A. S. Tanenbaum | title = LINUX is obsolete | date = January 29, 1992 | newsgroup = comp.os.minix | message-id = 12595@star.cs.vu.nl | url = http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.minix/browse_thread/thread/c25870d7a41696d2/f447530d082cd95d?tvc=2 | access-date = November 27, 2006 }}

• A. S. Tanenbaum (January 29, 1992). "LINUX is obsolete". Newsgroup: comp.os.minix. Usenet: 12595@star.cs.vu.nl. Retrieved November 27, 2006. - Uses Google Groups default Message-ID lookup URL

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

• parent
• OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
  • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
  • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata.

See Wikipedia:COinS.

As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

• use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, or  , should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.

• |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
• |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
• |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
• |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
• |date=, |year=, |publication-date=
• |series=, |version=
• |volume=, |issue=, |number=
• |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
• |edition=
• |publisher=, |institution=
• |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
• |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
• |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
• |degree=
• |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

Deprecated

{{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deprecated_params_table}} {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deleted_params_table}}

Description

Authors

• last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
  • author: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of |first= and |last=. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
  • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with MOS:JRSR and use honorifics only in accordance with MOS:HON.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around).
    See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed.
    Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
  • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
  • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
• vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:

  |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal

  • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
• authors: deprecated Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
• translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
  • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
  • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
• collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
• Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

(See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

• title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
  • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.

newline	[	]
space	[	]	{{!}} (preferred)
	{{bracket|text}}		| or {{pipe}} – see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe

• title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.

• newsgroup: Name of newsgroup; a link is automatically created; do not wikilink.

• type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.

• language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: español at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang

Date

"Wikipedia:Undated" redirects here. For undated signatures, see Template:Undated.

• date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher.
  For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.

Shortened footnotes target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,^[more] unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case, year or ref is required to disambiguate the link targets.

For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.

The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.

Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.

• year: Year of publication. The more flexible |date= parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the |date= parameter, unless both of the following conditions are met:
  1. Shortened footnotes target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a CITEREF disambiguator, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)
  2. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)
• orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
• df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:

  dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;

  mdy – as above for month day, year format

  ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

  dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;

  mdy-all – as above for month day, year format

  ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

Series, volume

• series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted.

• volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

URL

• url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=....
  For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS.
  Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
  • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
  • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive
    (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine)
    and archive.today
    (see Help:Using archive.today)
    ; requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
    • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
    • url-status: A control parameter to select one of |url= or |archive-url= to link |title=; requires url and archive-url. Use {{dead link}} to mark dead |url= when there is no |archive-url=.

      Accepts multiple keywords:

      • dead – (default condition when |url-status= omitted or empty) selects |archive-url=
      • live – selects |url=; used when |url= is preemptively archived with |archive-url=
      • deviated – selects |archive-url=; used when |url= is still 'live' but no-longer supports the text in a Wikipedia article
      • unfit – selects |archive-url=; used when |url= links to vice, advertising, or other unsuitable links; links to |url= are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider instead usurpation or blacklist. Bot help is available at WP:URLREQ
      • usurped – selects |archive-url=; used when the domain in |url= no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities, such as vice, reseller and advertising sites; links to |url= are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available at WP:URLREQ
      • bot: unknown – Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed in Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately.

    • archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.)
      See format=|Using |format=
  • url-access:
    See Access indicators for url-holding parameters
• format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.)
  See format=|Using |format=

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

Character	space	"	'	<	>	[	]	{	|	}
Encoding	%20	%22	%27	%3C	%3E	%5B	%5D	%7B	%7C	%7D

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

Additional note: (deprecated; use url) use of googleid= with the Google style id of a posting will automatically generate an appropriate URL. (The Google style-id can be determined by clicking 'Show Original' in the Groups UI. The Google Style id is the number between the "/msg/" and "?dmode=" portions of the URL used to show the original.)

Anchor

• ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's cite id="ID">> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none.
  See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

• message-id: the newsgroup's message identifier; the value in the message header between angle-brackets < and >; do not include the angle-brackets in |message-id=; must include @.

• id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

• arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.
• asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN.
  • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|asin-tld_values_list}}. Aliases: none.
• bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
• biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.
• citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
• doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
• eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL.
• isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9.
  (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.)
  Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN.
  • Use the {{Format ISBN}} template within the parameter – in the form |isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}} – if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.
• issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• jfm: ; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM.
• jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR.
• lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN.
• mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR.
• oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC.
• ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL.
• osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI.
• pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value.
  See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers
  . Aliases: PMC.
  • pmc-embargo-date: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
• pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060
  See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers.
  Aliases: PMID.
• rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC.
• sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN.
• s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID.
• zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL.

In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.

For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

Quote

• quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
  • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.

Display options

• mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
• author-mask:
• contributor-mask:
• editor-mask:
• interviewer-mask:
• subject-mask:
• translator-mask:

  Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, references> /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name.

• display-authors:
• display-contributors:
• display-editors:
• display-interviewers:
• display-subjects:
• display-translators:

  Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors). |display-authors=0 is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.

• postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

Link icons

Link icons are not created by this template, but by CSS; see Help:External link icons.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:Cite newsgroup in articles based on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for Cite newsgroup

Formats citation of the Newsgroup Template

模板参数

此模板有自定义格式。

参数		描述	类型	状态
URL	urlURL	The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found	字符串	推荐
Source title	title	The title of the source page on the website; displays in quotes	字符串	必需
Last name	lastlast1authorauthor1	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.	未知	推荐
First name	firstfirst1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.	未知	推荐
Source date	date	Full date of the source; do not wikilink	字符串	推荐
Publisher	publisher	Name of the publisher; displays after title	字符串	可选
News Group	newsgroup	Name of newsgroup; a link is automatically created; do not wikilink.	字符串	推荐
Last name 2	last2author2	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.	未知	可选
First name 2	first2	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.	未知	可选
Vauthors	vauthors	comma separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses	单行文本	可选
Others	others	Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'	字符串	可选
Year of publication	year	Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known	字符串	可选
Editor last name	editor-lasteditor1-lasteditoreditor-last1	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.	单行文本	可选
Editor first name	editor-firsteditor1-firsteditor-first1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'	单行文本	可选
Editor link	editor-linkeditor1-linkeditor-link1	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	页面名称	可选
Translator Last Name	translator-lasttranslator1translator1-lasttranslator-last1	Surname of translator. Do not wikilink	单行文本	可选
Translator First Name	translator-firsttranslator1-firsttranslator-first1	Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink	单行文本	可选
Translator Link	translator-linktranslator-link1translator1-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	页面名称	可选
Translator Last Name 2	translator2-lasttranslator-last2	Surname of second Translator	单行文本	可选
Translator First Name 2	translator2-firsttranslator-first2	Given or first names of second translator. Do not wikilink	单行文本	可选
Translator Link 2	translator2-linktranslator-link2	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	单行文本	可选
Issue	issuenumber	Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically	字符串	可选
Department	department	Department within the periodical	字符串	可选
Location of publication	location	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'	字符串	可选
Place of publication	publication-place	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'	字符串	可选
Publication date	publication-date	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink	字符串	可选
Agency	agency	The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse	字符串	可选
Edition	edition	When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'	字符串	可选
Volume	volume	For one publication published in several volumes	字符串	可选
Page	page	Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'	字符串	可选
Pages	pages	Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'	字符串	可选
No pp	no-pp	Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')	字符串	可选
At	at	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient	字符串	可选
Language	language	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates	字符串	可选
Script title	script-title	For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...	字符串	可选
Translated title	trans-title	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	字符串	可选
Type	type	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case	字符串	可选
Format	format	Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	字符串	可选
arXiv identifier	arxiv	An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers	字符串	可选
ASIN	asin	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters	字符串	可选
ASIN TLD	asin-tld	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US	字符串	可选
Bibcode	bibcode	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters	字符串	可选
DOI	doi	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'	字符串	可选
DOI broken date	doi-broken-date	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken	字符串	可选
ISBN	isbn	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible	字符串	可选
ISSN	issn	International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen	字符串	可选
jfm code	jfm	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code	字符串	可选
JSTOR	jstor	JSTOR identifier	字符串	可选
LCCN	lccn	Library of Congress Control Number	字符串	可选
MR	mr	Mathematical Reviews identifier	字符串	可选
OCLC	oclc	Online Computer Library Center number	字符串	可选
OL	ol	Open Library identifier	字符串	可选
OSTI	osti	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier	字符串	可选
PMC	pmc	PubMed Center article number	字符串	可选
PMID	pmid	PubMed Unique Identifier	字符串	可选
RFC	rfc	Request for Comments number	字符串	可选
SSRN	ssrn	Social Science Research Network	字符串	可选
Zbl	zbl	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier	字符串	可选
Message ID	message-id	the newsgroup's message identifier; the value in the message header between angle-brackets < and >; do not include the angle-brackets in |message-id=; must include @	字符串	推荐
id	id	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable	字符串	可选
Quote	quote	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation	字符串	可选
Ref	ref	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates	字符串	可选
Postscript	postscript	The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none' 默认值 .	字符串	可选
Last name 3	last3author3	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.	未知	可选
First name 3	first3	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.	未知	可选
Last name 4	last4author4	The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.	未知	可选
First name 4	first4	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.	未知	可选
Last name 5	last5author5	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.	未知	可选
First name 5	first5	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.	未知	可选
Last name 6	last6author6	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.	未知	可选
First name 6	first6	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.	未知	可选
Last name 7	last7author7	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.	未知	可选
First name 7	first7	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.	未知	可选
Last name 8	last8author8	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.	未知	可选
First name 8	first8	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.	未知	可选
Last name 9	last9author9	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'.	未知	可选
First name 9	first9	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.	未知	可选
Author mask	author-mask	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	字符串	可选
Display authors	display-authors	number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;	数字	可选
Author link	author-linkauthor-link1author1-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	页面名称	可选
Author link 2	author-link2author2-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.	页面名称	可选
Archive URL	archive-url	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'	字符串	可选
Archive date	archive-date	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink	字符串	可选
URL status	url-status	If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live	字符串	可选
Author link 3	author-link3author3-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.	页面名称	可选
Author link 4	author-link4author4-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.	页面名称	可选
Author link 5	author-link5author5-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.	页面名称	可选
Author link 6	author-link6author6-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.	页面名称	可选
Author link 7	author-link7author7-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.	页面名称	可选
Author link 8	author-link8author8-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.	页面名称	可选
Author link 9	author-link9author9-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.	页面名称	可选
Name list style	name-list-style	Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.	字符串	可选
Editor last name 2	editor2-lasteditor2	The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.	单行文本	可选
Editor first name 2	editor2-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.	单行文本	可选
Editor last name 3	editor3-lasteditor3	The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.	单行文本	可选
Editor first name 3	editor3-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.	单行文本	可选
Editor last name 4	editor4-lasteditor4	The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.	单行文本	可选
Editor first name 4	editor4-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.	单行文本	可选
Editor last name 5	editor5-lasteditor5	The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.	单行文本	可选
Editor first name 5	editor5-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.	单行文本	可选
Editor last name 6	editor6-lasteditor6	The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.	单行文本	可选
Editor first name 6	editor6-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.	单行文本	可选
Editor last name 7	editor7-lasteditor7	The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.	单行文本	可选
Editor first name 7	editor7-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.	单行文本	可选
Editor last name 8	editor8-lasteditor8	The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.	单行文本	可选
Editor first name 8	editor8-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.	单行文本	可选
Editor last name 9	editor9-lasteditor9	The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.	单行文本	可选
Editor first name 9	editor9-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.	单行文本	可选
Editor link 2	editor2-linkeditor-link2	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor.	页面名称	可选
Editor link 3	editor3-linkeditor-link3	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor.	页面名称	可选
Editor link 4	editor4-linkeditor-link4	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor.	页面名称	可选
Editor link 5	editor5-linkeditor-link5	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor.	页面名称	可选
Editor link 6	editor6-linkeditor-link6	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor.	页面名称	可选
Editor link 7	editor7-linkeditor-link7	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor.	页面名称	可选
Editor link 8	editor8-linkeditor-link8	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor.	页面名称	可选
Editor link 9	editor9-linkeditor-link9	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor.	页面名称	可选
Translator Last Name 3	translator3-lasttranslator-last3	Surname of third translator. Do not wikilink	单行文本	可选
Translator First Name 3	translator3-firsttranslator-first3	Given or first names of third translator. Do not wikilink	单行文本	可选
Translator Link 3	translator3-linktranslator-link3	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	单行文本	可选
Translator Last Name 4	translator4-lasttranslator-last4	Surname of fourth translator. Do not wikilink	单行文本	可选
Translator First Name 4	translator4-firsttranslator-first4	Given or first names of fourth translator. Do not wikilink	单行文本	可选
Translator Link 4	translator4-linktranslator-link4	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	页面名称	可选
Translator Last Name 5	translator5-lasttranslator-last5	Surname of fifth translator. Do not wikilink	单行文本	可选
Translator First Name 5	translator5-firsttranslator-first5	Given or first names of fifth translator. Do not wikilink	页面名称	可选
Translator Link 5	translator5-linktranslator-link5	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	页面名称	可选
Translator Last Name 6	translator6-lasttranslator-last6	Surname of sixth translator. Do not wikilink	页面名称	可选
Translator First Name 6	translator6-firsttranslator-first6	Given or first names of sixth translator. Do not wikilink	页面名称	可选
Translator Link 6	translator6-linktranslator-link6	Title of existing Wikipedia article about sixth the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	页面名称	可选
Translator Last Name 7	translator7-lasttranslator-last7	Surname of seventh translator. Do not wikilink	页面名称	可选
Translator First Name 7	translator7-firsttranslator-first7	Given or first names of seventh translator. Do not wikilink	页面名称	可选
Translator Link 7	translator7-linktranslator-link7	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	字符串	可选
Translator Last Name 8	translator8-lasttranslator-last8	Surname of eighth translator. Do not wikilink	字符串	可选
Translator First Name 8	translator8-firsttranslator-first8	Given or first names of eighth translator. Do not wikilink	字符串	可选
Translator Link 8	translator8-linktranslator-link8	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	字符串	可选
Translator Last Name 9	translator9-lasttranslator-last9	Surname of ninth translator. Do not wikilink	字符串	可选
Translator First Name 9	translator9-first	Given or first names of ninth translator. Do not wikilink	字符串	可选
Translator Link 9	translator9-linktranslator9-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	字符串	可选
URL access date	access-date	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink	字符串	推荐
Original date	orig-date	Original date of publication; provide specifics	字符串	可选
URL access level	url-access	Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')	字符串	可选
Bibcode access level	bibcode-access	If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.	字符串	可选
DOI access level	doi-access	If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.	字符串	可选
HDL access level	hdl-access	If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.	字符串	可选
Jstor access level	jstor-access	If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.	字符串	可选
OpenLibrary access level	ol-access	If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.	字符串	可选
OSTI access level	osti-access	If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.	字符串	可选
via	via	Identify the aggregator of the resource that provided the digital version (usually a database provider), when it differs from the publisher (e.g., for The Wikipedia Library) 示例值 EBSCOHost , Proquest, Newspapers.com	未知	推荐

See also

• {{cite mailing list}}

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.